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Today, with the help of cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipe, plumbing work has becomemore efficient for professionals and much more accessible for do-it-yourselfers. These flexible red and blue pipes can bend in nearly any direction to funnel hot and cold water, respectively, where it needs to go.
In fact, if your home is equipped with awater supply manifold—not all homes are—individual PEX pipes can be directly connected to the manifold and then fished through the walls all the way to a sink, tub, or shower to supply hotand cold water. “Threading PEX through a wall will take much less tearing apart of that wall compared to other pipes,” says Daniel O’Brian, technical expert for the online plumbing retailer SupplyHouse.com.
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Not only easy to manipulate, PEX pipe is also easy to connectto existing water lines in the house for repairs or new installations. Are you already working with copper or PVC pipe? Thanks to a wide range of PEX components that make connecting the pipes a snap, you, too, can do your own plumbing.
If you want to add new PEX to your existing water lines, keep reading. We’ll let you know which fittings and tools you’ll need and how they’re used to make the connections.
Choose and Attach a Threaded Fitting
A variety of threaded fittings are available in the options listed below for connecting PEX pipe to copper or PVC pipes. Typically, these come in two parts, often sold separately. Half attaches to the PEX pipe, and the other half attaches to the existing pipe, either copper or PVC.Thread the two halves together and, voilà,you have a watertight connection.
When you attach the second half to copper or PVC, some fittings will require wielding a torch or applying glue in a well-ventilated area (more on that in the next sections below). But PEX connections don’t always need to be so complicated. Certain types of fittings involve neither flames nor fumes—not even special tools—and this ease of use makes for “a safer job if you don’t have the experience and equipment a pro has,” O’Brian says.
The required tools and level of complication in a PEX installation depend on the type of fitting you purchase, so you should understand your options firstto make sure thatyou choose hardware you can handle. Start by getting acquainted with your options and learning how they connect to PEX.
- Expansion fittings (like these from BlueFinand these from Uponor) insert snugly into the PEX pipe with a little help. Use a PEX expander tool to stretch the diameter of the pipe to accommodate the fitting. PEX, which has “memory,” then returns to its original size, creating a watertight seal.
- Crimp fittings (like these from Bluefin) are made by slipping metal rings over the end of the PEX pipe and then inserting the correct fitting into the end of the pipe. APEX crimping tool is then used to tighten the metal ring over the PEX pipe and the fitting.
- Compression fittings (like these from Bluefin) involve sliding a brass nut and a plastic compression ring over the PEX pipe and then inserting a metal sleeve inside the pipe for support (all of these partscan be purchased separately). The fitting is inserted into the PEX pipe and sleeve, and then the nut is tightened to the fitting, squeezing the compression ring to form a tight seal.
- Clamp fittingsmake use of the same fittings as those used in crimp connections, but instead of using a crimpingtool,aratchet clamping toolis necessary for tighteningsteel ringsin place on the PEX side. The ring slips over the PEX pipe, and the fitting is then inserted into the end of the pipe. The ring is positioned over the fitting, and the clamping tool is used to compress a tab on the side of the ring to tighten it.
- Push-fit fittings, including those manufactured by SharkBiteand BlueFin, are the simplest to connect and require neither additional tools nor clamping or crimping to attach the fittingtoeither the PEX pipe oryour copper or PVC pipe. Connection is simple: Insert the PEX pipe into one end of the fitting, and its internal components lock it securely in place. This convenience, however, comes at a price. SharkBite fittings are more expensive than most of the others listed here, but they also spare you from having to buy specialty tools if you’re making only a few connections.
Connect New PEX to Existing Copper Pipe
No matter which fitting you choose, there are only two basic methods for connectingPEX to copper pipe. Traditional copper connections require soldering or “sweating,” while newer, more innovative options like SharkBite fittings connect to copper without anyspecial tools.
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THREADED SWEAT CONNECTIONS
For threaded connections, you will always have two separate fittings, one for each pipe you’re connecting and then eventually twisting together. The traditional way of connecting PEX to copper involves using a threaded sweat adapteron the copper side (to connect with the PEX fitting) and soldering to create a watertight seal. Both the copper pipe andits fitting are first cleaned with a fine-bristle steel brush and then coated with flux (like this flux paste from Utility) to help the solder adhere evenly.Then, the seam where the fitting meets the copper pipe is heated with a flame torch. Once the metal is very hot, a small rod of solder—lead-freeif these pipes will carry drinking water—is touched to the seam. The heat from the metal melts the solder and draws it into the seam, where it cools and creates a seal.
Then,a threaded PEX fitting is attached to the PEX pipe using the methods outlined in the section above. You can even finda threaded SharkBite fittingwith push-fit technology on the PEX side that features a threaded end for twisting onto the threaded end of a threaded copper fitting. Once both fittings are connected to the pipes, twist them together to form a seal. (Though, if you’re already using push-fit fittings, the simplest approach is to just use the SharkBite fittingon both pipes you’re connecting, which we’ll get into next.) Just keep these considerations in mind:
- Every connection must have one male fitting and one female fitting in order for the two fittings to attach.(A male fitting features protruding threads which twist into the threaded opening of a female fitting.)
- The sizes of the threaded ends must match in order for the PEX fittingto twist onto the copper pipe fitting.
- You can connect pipes of different sizes as long as the threaded ends are the same size. Threaded fittings are labeled by the sizes of both ends, meaning a ½” X ½” fitting will connect two ½” pipes while a ½” X 3/8″ fitting (also called a “reducer” fitting) is required to connect a ½” pipe to a 3/8″ pipe.
- Use the sweat method of connecting only if you’re familiar with soldering copper, and before you get started check with your local building authority for additional regulations (such as the need for inspections). If you’re not comfortable with soldering, proceed with the following method.
SHARKBITE PEX-TO-COPPER CONNECTIONS
If you don’t want to bother with soldering, opt fora SharkBite fitting. As described above, this fitting can accommodate a copper pipe on one side and a PEX pipe on the other.Just as the PEX pipe is pushed into the PEX end of the fitting, the copper pipe is pushed into the other end. That’s it! Thanks to the push-fit mechanism of the fitting, you’ve made a watertight connection.
Connect PEX to PVC Pipe
Homes that have PVC water lines can also easily utilize PEX tubing for extensions or replacements. When choosing fittings, double-check the sizes to ensure that you’re buying the right size for the diameter of your pipes.
THREADED FITTINGS
First, always choose a threaded male plastic fittingfor the existing PVC pipe to pair with the metal female fittingfor the PEX pipe. The reverse—a metal malefitting connected to a plastic female fitting—can strip the threads on or even cracka plastic female fitting, whereas a metal female fitting canhandle the superior strength of the metalmale fitting.)
The fitting attaches using the standard PVC connection method, which includes brushing PVC primer (like this primer by Hercules) on both the fitting and the pipe to clean and slightly soften the PVC. The glue used for connecting PVC fittings (also by Hercules) is then applied to the end of the pipe and to the inside of the fitting before it’s slippedover the end of the PVC pipe.
Install a matching threaded metal female fitting on the end of the PEX pipe, using any one of the first four PEX connection methods listed above. Be sure to buy the right type of fitting for the connection method you’re using: A crimped fitting is slightly different from an expansion fitting, so choose carefully.
Once the adapter fittings are secured to the ends of both pipes, wrap a little plumber’s tape on the end of the threaded male fitting for a watertight seal when you twist the threaded ends of the fittings together.
SHARKBITE PEX-TO-PVC CONNECTIONS
While you won’t go wrong using the threaded connection method above, there’s an even simpler method available: SharkBite recently introduced a PVC transition coupling that is suitable for connecting PEX to PVC. These push-fit connectors work by inserting the cut ends of each pipe into the appropriate end of the coupling. You’ll not only save time by using these push-fit connectors, you’ll also avoid having to use PVC glue to attach a plastic threaded adapter to the PVC pipe.
This article has been brought to you by SupplyHouse.com. Its facts and opinions are those of BobVila.com.
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FAQs
Can you connect PEX line to PVC? ›
And fortunately, connecting PVC to PEX is easy to do. Whether you're looking to repair or expand your plumbing, adding PEX to your existing system is accomplished using a threaded fitting. In general, a fitting comes with one half to attach to existing pipe, and another half that fits on the PEX pipe.
Can you connect copper to PEX without soldering? ›If you don't want to bother with soldering, opt for a SharkBite fitting. As described above, this fitting can accommodate a copper pipe on one side and a PEX pipe on the other. Just as the PEX pipe is pushed into the PEX end of the fitting, the copper pipe is pushed into the other end. That's it!
Do SharkBite fittings work on copper and PEX? ›Identify the pipe material.
SharkBite brass push-to-connect fittings are compatible with PEX, copper, CPVC and HDPE pipe. They come with a PEX stiffener pre-loaded into the fitting for PEX and HDPE, and the stiffener doesn't need to be removed for copper or CPVC applications.
Easy way to repair a PVC Pipe
The SharkBite Push-to-Connect PVC (Iron Pipe Size) Slip Coupling is the easiest way to make a quick repair on Sch. 40, 80, 120 PVC Pipe. The slip coupling allows for up to 2 in. of damaged pipe to be removed and repaired.
No. PEX pipe does not require glue or cement, and can simply be joined with push-to-connect fittings, metal insert fittings, or plastic insert fittings for a watertight seal.
How do you adapt PEX to PVC? ›The tried and true way to make a PEX to PVC connection is with a pair of threaded adapters. Use a PVC socket solvent fitting with male threads and a PEX fitting with female threads. The PEX x FNPT adapter can be in any PEX fitting style (crimp, ProPEX, PEX Press, push-fit, etc.).
Are SharkBite fittings reliable? ›SharkBites work better than plastic quick-connects on copper pipes because the lead-free brass body is rigid like the pipe and has a higher pressure tolerance. If you need to repair or replace copper plumbing in your home, a SharkBite fitting is an excellent choice.
What can I use instead of solder for copper pipe? ›Copper press fitting is a flameless alternative to soldering copper pipe connections. In this system, a hydraulic tool is used to press specially designed connectors to join traditional pipes.
Are compression fittings as good as solder? ›Compression fittings are not nearly as robust as soldered fittings making them much more sensitive to powerful stresses. They are not ideal for applications where they could be potentially exposed to lots of flexing, bending and excessive vibration or tube movement.
Should I sand copper pipe before SharkBite? ›Shine up copper with sandpaper or emery cloth like you would if you were going to solder. This can leave superficial scratches on the pipe that could cause a leak between the o-ring and the outer surface of the pipe.
How long do SharkBite fittings last on copper? ›
SharkBite fittings last a long time. In fact, SharkBite warrants the fittings for 25 years when used with SharkBite tubing.
Is SharkBite good for PEX? ›SharkBite push-to-connect fittings are compatible with a variety of pipe types including PEX, copper, CPVC, PE-RT and SDR-9 HDPE.
Are PEX clamps or crimp better? ›Pinch Clamp Tools Work Better in Tight Spaces
Especially when your PEX is pressed up against a wall—or there is just otherwise very little wiggle room to work—crimp tools can become a much bigger hassle. The larger jaw of the tool means you need ample room behind your PEX to be able to make a proper connection.
It is not required for copper or CPVC, however, it is not necessary to remove the tube liner from the fitting.
Are SharkBites up to code? ›Approved by the Uniform Plumbing Code, International Plumbing Code, and National Plumbing Code of Canada, properly installed SharkBite fittings offer permanent connections, says Product Manager Michael Kornegay.
Will 1/2 SharkBite work on PVC? ›A: Yes you can use this particular fitting from 3/4" PVC (on the white collar side) and either 3/4" copper, CPVC, PE-RT, r PEX (on the Tan Collar side).
Do you use Teflon tape on SharkBite fittings? ›Teflon tape should be used with threaded SharkBite connectors to make a proper seal. SharkBite Universal fittings should not be installed (threaded or push-to-connect) on galvanized tubing.
Can you connect PVC to copper with SharkBite? ›Product Details. SharkBite Push-to-connect PVC transition fittings are the fastest way to transition from PVC or IPS (iron pipe size) pipe to PEX, copper, CPVC, PE-RT, or HDPE pipe. No soldering, clamps, unions, glue, or special tools are required.
Can you attach PVC to copper? ›Actually, you can! In this article, we will provide you with a step-by-step guide on how to connect PVC to copper pipes. Along with the detailed procedures, we will also list down the most recommended fittings depending on your needs.
Does PEX freeze? ›Due to its flexibility, PEX can expand under the damaging pressure caused by ice formation. If the weather gets cold enough, PEX pipes can and will freeze like any plumbing. However, PEX may be less likely to rupture as a result of freezing.
What is the GREY pipe in mobile homes called? ›
Polybutylene pipe is usually referred to as “grey pipe” because it is grey in color. The majority of mobile homes built before the year 2000 will usually tend to have it.
Do PEX fittings need Teflon tape? ›For example, if you're working on PVC, copper or PEX pipes, these use alternate bonding methods and Teflon tape isn't necessary.
Do you use Teflon tape on plastic PEX fittings? ›Don't use Teflon tape, Teflon paste or pipe dope. Do use a sealant. Teflon tape, Teflon paste and pipe dope is intended for metal pipe and fittings. Metal to metal fitting joints are more difficult to tighten than plastic; the surfaces tend to gall without the aid of such lubricants as Teflon or pipe dope.
Can I use blue PEX for hot water? ›Color-Coded: Red PEX pipes can be used for hot water supply lines, blue PEX for cold water supply, and white for either hot or cold. These colors are just for your convenience. Plumbing code does not require the pipe color to match the type of water supply.
What's the best PEX connection? ›The most common connection method used in PEX installation is the “Crimp” method. This process involves sliding a ribbed fitting into the PEX tube and crimping a seal ring around the connection point. These rings are typically made of copper, but may be found in plastic as well as brass.
Are SharkBite fittings a permanent fix? ›Most professional plumbers believe that SharkBite fittings and other kinds of push-fit fittings should only be used as an emergency, temporary fix, and not for any enclosed or permanent plumbing system.
Are SharkBite fittings good for hot water? ›All SharkBite hot water heater connectors are approved for use on electric and gas water heaters with a flu vent.
Is soldering pipes going to be illegal? ›Since the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986 the use of lead-containing solders in potable water systems has effectively been banned nationwide.
Is crimping better than soldering? ›Crimped connections are more flexible, heat-resistant and vibration-resistant than soldered ones which have greater potential for wire fatigue and stiffening. Crimping is often more consistent than soldering, which can vary according to method or technician.
Will solder stick to copper without flux? ›It doesn't matter how much you clean your metal surface, you'll need a flux to make the solder stick. Without this, a solder joint simply will not be strong enough or conductive enough, which is why soldering flux is recommended.
What happens if you over tighten a compression fitting? ›
Its often said in the trade to not over tighten a compression fitting, leaving you more thread in the case of a leak and not distorting the olive or fitting. Generally a nut will need one whole turn after hand tightening.
Should I use pipe tape on compression fittings? ›No. PTFE tape is not designed to seal compression fittings and is ineffective at doing so.
How reliable are SharkBite fittings on copper pipe? ›SharkBites work better than plastic quick-connects on copper pipes because the lead-free brass body is rigid like the pipe and has a higher pressure tolerance. If you need to repair or replace copper plumbing in your home, a SharkBite fitting is an excellent choice.
Do professional plumbers use SharkBite? ›Most professional plumbers believe that SharkBite fittings and other kinds of push-fit fittings should only be used as an emergency, temporary fix, and not for any enclosed or permanent plumbing system.
Are SharkBite fittings good for long term? ›Quick-connect and push-to-connect fittings are not permanent, but should only be reused for temporary installation. The lubricant on the collet of a SharkBite wears off after a while, and the O-ring of either fitting may stretch or wear out.
Is SharkBite up to code? ›SharkBite fittings are compliant with the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC), National Plumbing Code of Canada and the International Plumbing Code (IPC).
How deep does PEX go into SharkBite? ›7/8 in.
Will SharkBite work on PVC? ›Easy way to repair a PVC Pipe
The SharkBite Push-to-Connect PVC (Iron Pipe Size) Slip Coupling is the easiest way to make a quick repair on Sch. 40, 80, 120 PVC Pipe. The slip coupling allows for up to 2 in. of damaged pipe to be removed and repaired.
If you're using copper, you need to properly debur the fitting. Inserting a jagged sharp edge of copper into the fitting can tear the rubber o ring inside the sharkbite fitting. Also, don't use Emery cloth the clean the end of the pipe like you do when soldering. This can also cause a leak.
Can I use SharkBite for shower? ›Overview. Innovative push-to-connect fittings makes for quick and easy shower and tub installation. Fittings are compatible with PEX, copper, CPVC and PE-RT pipe. No special tools, crimping, glue or soldering is needed.
How dependable are SharkBite fittings? ›
SharkBite fittings are push-to-connect fittings used in plumbing. Many plumbers have recently switched from welding a copper pipe with a soldering torch to SharkBite fittings. This is because they are time-saving, simple to install, and dependable. Additionally, SharkBite fittings are straightforward to use.